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From Transwiki

ALSA stands for Advanced Linux Sound Architecture. It is a suite of hardware drivers, libraries and utilities which provide audio and MIDI functionality for the Linux operating system.

Make sure Debian uses alsa:

# wajig reconfigure linux-sound-base

• alsa wiki

Things to check out

• aconnect (part of Asa-utils)
• amidi (part of Asa-utils)
• aplymidi (part of Asa-utils)
• Alsa-patch-bay